Anyone can develop cadmium toxicity as a result of cadmium exposure. Factors that increase your chances of being exposed to cadmium include:. There is no conclusive evidence that cadmium can cause lung cancer, but as a precaution, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has classified cadmium as a probable carcinogen in humans.
There is no effective treatment for cadmium toxicity. Your treatment will be designed to help manage and relieve your symptoms. Cadmium compounds. Environmental Protection Agency website. Accessed January 29, Cadmium poisoning. Cadmium and cadmium compounds. OEHHA website. Public health statement for cadmium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry website.
ToxFAQs for cadmium. Exceptional Nurses Winchester Hospital was the first community hospital in the state to achieve Magnet designation, recognition for nursing excellence. Supporting Our Community Our tremendous staff gives back to our community by coordinating free health screenings, educational programs, and food drives.
What Our Patients are Saying A leading indicator of our success is the feedback we get from our patients. Home Health Library. Cadmium Toxicity Definition Cadmium toxicity occurs when a person breathes in high levels of cadmium from the air, or eats food or drinks water containing high levels of cadmium. Causes Most cadmium used in the United States is a by-product of the production of metals like zinc, lead, and copper. It is also found in the following products: Cigarettes Batteries Pigments Metal coatings Plastics Some metal alloys Fertilizers Bright red, yellow, and orange pigments in some pottery or glassware paint When cadmium enters the air, it binds to small particles.
Having skin contact with cadmium is not known to cause health problems, but the following exposures to cadmium can cause serious health problems: Breathing air that contains high levels of cadmium Eating foods contaminated with high levels of cadmium, such as shellfish, liver, kidney, potatoes, and leafy vegetables Drinking water contaminated with cadmium Breathing in cigarette smoke, which doubles the average daily intake of cadmium Risk Factors Anyone can develop cadmium toxicity as a result of cadmium exposure.
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Romanowicz-Makowska, E. Forma, M. Adams, P. Newcomb, and E. Wolk, J. Johansson et al. Guzel, L. Kiziler, B. Aydemir et al. Dobrila-Dintinjana, N. Vanis, M. Dintinjana et al. Qu, E. In chronic exposure, kidney injury can be progressive and irreversible. If a patient's workplace or hobby puts them at risk for cadmium exposure, they should inform their doctor and make sure they are not experiencing lung, bone, neurologic symptoms.
Regular preventative measures would include urine screening for proteinuria, lung screening for cancer, and other tests to assure proper bone, cardiovascular, neurologic, and reproductive health. Current cadmium exposures come from electroplating, batteries, possible environmental exposures. Acute exposure route is important: Oral ingestion confers gastrointestinal injury and inhalation confers a severe chemical pneumonitis. Chronic exposure is most characterized by nephrotoxicity in the form of proteinuria betamicroglobulin , though there has also been a link to lung cancer.
Treatment is removal from exposure, supportive care, and succimer is a therapeutic consideration in acute cadmium salt ingestion; otherwise, chelation not recommended.
Managing cadmium toxicity requires an interprofessional approach in both acute and chronic exposures. Prompt recognition of exposure is paramount and can affect the long-term prognosis of those exposed. Nursing, emergency department physicians, occupational physicians, family medicine physicians, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, and laboratory staff all need to work collaboratively to ensure the best patient outcomes.
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Drug and chemical toxicology. Some of the occupations that directly involve cadmium and carry a higher risk of exposure include:. It is unlikely that the general population would be exposed to a level of cadmium high enough to cause adverse health effects. Once cadmium enters the body, it is stored in the liver and kidneys, and then slowly excreted in urine. Inhalation is the main way workers are exposed to cadmium.
These standards are set below levels which are thought to cause adverse effects. Breathing air with high levels of cadmium over a short period of time is initially like the flu with chills, fever and muscle pain, then later can cause lung damage, shortness of breath, chest pain and cough, which may lead to death in severe cases.
Breathing lower levels of cadmium over a longer period of time can lead to kidney disease and cause bones to become weaker. Eating food or drink contaminated with high levels of cadmium can cause stomach irritation, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Headaches and flu-like symptoms, swelling of the throat and tingling hands may also occur. Only a small amount of cadmium remains in the body after eating food contaminated with cadmium, but if consumed over a long period of time, cadmium can lead to kidney disease and cause bones to become weaker.
Large amounts of cadmium can damage the kidney, liver and heart and in severe cases may cause death. Children exposed to cadmium should have the same symptoms as adults. Small amounts of cadmium may be found in the breastmilk of women who were exposed to high cadmium levels. Mothers exposed to high levels of cadmium in their workplace may have children with lower birth weights. Exposure to cadmium at normal environmental levels is not likely to cause mothers to have babies with low birth weights.
Cadmium and its compounds are classified as causing cancer, but there is no evidence that cadmium causes cancer at the low levels normally found in the environment. Breathing cadmium in the air can cause lung cancer, but ingesting contaminated food or drink is not thought to cause cancer. If you think you have been exposed to high levels of cadmium, you should seek advice from your doctor. Urine or blood tests can measure cadmium levels in the body. Tests are also available to check the health of the kidneys and liver.
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