The current alphabets were derived from older forms of writing, such as the Phoenician alphabet. The transition from oral to written culture overlapped, but is predominantly accounted for in ancient Greece, where the earliest inscriptions date from to B. Scholars suggest that "The Iliad" by Homer is the oldest surviving work in the Greek language that originated from oral tradition, according to History of Information.
Unfortunately, not all populations were literate, so only the educated class was able to read and write stories. This era also brought about the use of plays to tell stories. The next great milestone in communications history is the introduction of mass printing that would make news and other information more readily available to all. Printing helped increase literacy among lay people.
Johannes Gutenberg is considered the inventor of the printing press in the 15th century; however, years before Gutenberg, Chinese monks created a block printing mechanism that set ink to paper using wooden blocks.
The use of technology has shaped the way that we interact with others and how we tell stories. Starting from around the year , technology has contributed to the creation of photography, motion pictures, telephones, radio, TV, digital media, mobile media and social media; the current most influential form of communication is social media.
Media platforms such as blogs, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram have grown in popularity in the 21st century.
All of these platforms allow users to express their thoughts in a public manner with everyone on the Internet or to choose with whom to share their information. Twitter and Facebook allow users to post statuses, photos and videos of memories and personal stories.
Instagram, a photographic-based platform, enables users to share only photos or videos. This is intriguing because technology has given us the ability to practice our intrinsic nature as visual individuals. Photography has the power to tell an entire story through the capture of just a moment in time. Newspaper photography, for example, attempts to capture the entire essence of a news article in one shot. Their stories for thousands of years were communicated only through oral storytelling.
The Greeks are also the first known civilization to develop writing and apply it to storytelling, which they used to leave messages and write poems. They used animals like pigeons to deliver urgent messages.
Most of their communication was in times of sorrow, war, and celebration. This story was about a man named Gilgamesh and a "wild man" named Enkidu who befriends Gilgamesh after a fight, and they set off on a journey to find the key to immortality.
Epic poems are referred to as such because they could fill a page book by today's standards, but because the Greeks were so passionate about the art of oral storytelling , these stories were written as poems to help the storytellers remember and perform the whole story. Over the next several centuries, the art of the written word and storytelling would evolve and develop into cohesive works like the Bible and everything William Shakespeare.
The Bible was written back in 1, BC, with stories, myths, and legends about kings, gods, and prophets. They were tales and lessons with religious purpose that people learned through orally speaking before being written. William Shakespeare was an English-speaking writer, actor, and poet born in Although his life was short by today's standards, Shakespeare was a large and wrote 37 plays during his lifetime including Hamle t and Romeo and Ju liet.
Shakespeare was a huge stepping stone in building storytelling because his work was so expansive and was relatable to everyone. To this day, Shakespeare is still the most performed playwright of all time and is continuously adapted for film and is a cultural phenomenon.
Not too long after the era of Shakespeare, stories that would come to be known as fairy tales started in France. Many fairy tales from this point in time were stories that were passed down from generations before, and simply needed to be put to paper. The tales were mostly written with children in mind.
They were created to teach children basic life lessons in storytelling form. The story of Hansel and Gretel was meant to scare children from wandering off in the woods. Telling a story is a tangible example of how legends and myths make storytelling that much more valuable to an audience.
Since nothing like the newspaper had ever existed, its invention shook the world. The first modern newspaper was created in using three plates with red, yellow, and blue inks. Shortly after that, in the first Boston Newsletter was created, it was named The Statute of Anne.
While the invention of the printed word was undoubtedly no small achievement, the design of the printed photo would be even more impactful. The gift of photography in the 21st century is impressive, although if it weren't for a man named Joseph Nicephore Niepce, we wouldn't have photography. He was the first person to take a photograph and have it shown to the world.
He and his brothers used light to reproduce negatives of images, and in developed the art of Lithography to transpose those negatives onto paper and create actual photographs. By using the proper digital tools, we now have photos are taken in the best resolution, and the best quality.
In Frank N. Magill founded a publishing company that was called Salem Press. But if stories themselves are universal, the way we tell them changes with the technology at hand.
Every new medium has given rise to a new form of narrative. In Europe, the invention of the printing press and movable type around led to the emergence of periodicals and the novel. The invention of the motion picture camera around set off an era of feverish experimentation that led to the development of feature films by Television, invented around , gave rise a quarter-century later to I Love Lucy and the highly stylized form of comedy that became known as the sitcom.
As each of these media achieved production and distribution on an industrial scale, we saw the emergence of 20th-century mass media: newspapers, magazines, movies, music, TV. And with that, there was no role left for the consumer except to consume. Then, just as we'd gotten used to consuming sequential narratives in a carefully prescribed, point-by-point fashion, came the internet.
The internet is the first medium that can act like all media -- it can be text, or audio or video, or all of the above. It's nonlinear, thanks to the world wide web and the revolutionary convention of hyperlinking. It's inherently participatory -- not just interactive, in the sense that it responds to your commands, but an instigator constantly encouraging you to comment, to contribute, to join in.
And it is immersive -- meaning that you can use it to drill down as deeply as you like about anything you want to know about. Continue reading At first, like film and television in their earliest days, the internet served mainly as a way of retransmitting familiar formats.
For all the talk of "new media," it functioned as little more than a new delivery mechanism for old media: newspapers, magazines, music. The emergence of P2P file-sharing networks encouraged a lot of people to get their deliveries for free.
But as disruptive as the net has been to media businesses, it's only now having an impact on media forms.
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